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Money (part 1)

10-11 класс

Before money, people could not buy and sell. There was trade; but it had to be two-way trade: people exchanged goods. For example, they exchanged food for clothes. With money, buying and selling became two things that could happen at different times and with different people. A person could sell food to somebody on one day and get money for it; a week later, he or she could use the money to buy clothes from a third person.
There have been metal coins for thousands of years. Some of the earlier coins were used in Turkey, and they were made of gold and silver. But this caused problems. People used to take very small bits of metal from each coin. Each coin was then a bit smaller, so people wanted more coins for their goods, and prices went up.
Metal coins were used by the Greeks thousands of years ago. The Greek drachma was made of silver. For hundreds of years, it was the most common kind of money for trade in Europe and parts of Asia. The Greeks even put drachma into the mouths of dead people: they believed the money would pay for their journey to the next world.
The Romans also used silver and gold coins. But the emperor Nero decided to put less gold and silver into the coins in order to make money for himself. After that, nobody wanted to use the coins, and this had a very bad effect on the Roman economy. The world had learned a lesson: money only works if people believe in its value.
Coins can be heavy. (For example, the people of Yap, an island in the Pacific, use stone coins; the biggest were about four meters across!) In the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, people did not want to carry large bags of coins with them, so they left the coins with traders. The traders gave them “notes”: theses were just pieces of paper with a promise in writing to pay back the gold and silver coins. Soon, people started to use the notes themselves as money. Later, governments began to control money. They made their own notes for people to use.
Text 2.
Money (part 2)
In 1950, the first credit card was made. It was the Diners Club card, and it could only be used in 200 restaurants in New York. Today, almost all shops, hotels and restaurants in the world take credit cards, so people do not have to carry a lot of coins and notes with them when they travel.
As with anything there are advantages and disadvantages to using credit cards. Advantages:
Immediate Access: Need a new set of tires? Credit can help with an expensive, unexpected emergency and give you the flexibility to pay it over time.
Security: Lose cash, and it's gone. Lose a credit card, and it can be cancelled. Also, if you report a lost or stolen card promptly, you're protected against its unauthorized use.
Record Keeping: Your credit card statement is an itemized list of your monthly expenditures, which can be helpful when it comes to budgeting.
Convenience: Credit cards are accepted at more places than checks, and they're generally faster to use.
Rewards: Using a credit card with a rewards program may earn you benefits like free travel.
Disadvantages:
The main disadvantage to credit card usage is its cost to you in interest and fees. Wise use of credit means understanding those costs and acting accordingly. Keep track of your spending to ensure that you can repay your credit card bill in full when it comes due each month.

52165 02 авг. 2014 г., 10:24:39 (9 лет назад)
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Vad186
02 авг. 2014 г., 11:55:37 (9 лет назад)

тебе нужно перевести

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02 авг. 2014 г., 13:08:31 (9 лет назад)

помогите перевести

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Переведите пожалуйста!!! Money talks

Most American consumers read labels carefully and regularly shop at sales. But there is one exception – credit cards. They Americans charge 500 billion dollars on their credit cards every year. Rich says two-third of these people pay only a portion of their monthly bills. That means they’ll have to pay a high interest on the remainder. But people like using credit cards because they don’t like waiting to get anything. Plastic money has become an important part of American life-style. So, when you want to pay for something, you’ll hear a question: “Cash or charge?”.
On my daily walking tours of Manhattan I did a lot of window shopping too. On Fifth Avenue and Madison Avenue the prices gave me quite a shock. I once saw a scarf costing over $ 1,000. My friends explained me that money was no object for customers who shopped there. This is where money really talks!

1. My daughter Mary (not/ like) apples, but she likes oranges. A not likes B don’t like C doesn’t like 2. … money do you want? A How much B How many C

Which 3. Granny is in the kitchen. She (make) a plum cake. A is making B is make C makes 4. I’m sure we (enjoy) our visit to the Zoo. A will enjoy B shall enjoy C are going to enjoy 5. When I (arrive) in Manchester next week, I (phone) you. A will arrive, will phone B will arrive, phone C arrive, will phone 6. When Jill (finish) school? A When had Jill finished B When has Jill finished C When did Jill finish 7. We (not/ see) Peter this week, but we (see) him a couple of weeks ago. A didn’t see A saw B haven’t saw B have saw C haven’t seen C have seen 8. I haven’t spoken to Mary … Christmas. A for B since C ago 9. While my son (wait) for my call, somebody knocked at the door. A waited B was waiting C was waited 10. You (write) this composition for two hours and can’t complete it. A wrote B have written C have been writing 11. That morning she went out after she (phone) somebody. A phoned B had phoned C has phoned 12. By the time they come I (go). A will go B will be going C will have gone 13. Teddy’s words made me (feel) uncomfortable. A to feel B feeling C feel 14. You look tired. If I (be) you, I (take) a holiday. A be D will take B were E would take C have been F take 15. All parts of London seem … to different towns and epochs. A to belong B belonging C belong 16. You will … speak Spanish in another few months. A can B have C be able to 17. To my mind, the government … take care of old people. A ought B neeed to C must 18. Look! The bridge (repair). A is being repaired B is been repaired C has been repaired 19. Dad phoned us and asked if our luggage (already/ pack). A was already being packed B had already been packed C was packed 20. I knew that mercury (be) the closest planet to the sun, but I didn’t feel like answering the question. A was B is C had been 21. We didn’t know the score, but we were sure their team (lose) the game. A has lost B had lost C lost 22. We haven’t got much time, …? A …, do we? B …, don’t we? C …, haven’t we? 23. We had a wonderful holiday in France. I wish we (go) there again next summer. A will go B go C went 24. I’d like to have … hamburger for … breakfast. A the A - B - B a C a C the 25. … earth goes round … sun. A the A - B - B a C an C the 26. … Urals are old and not very high. A the B - C a 27. I met my (good) friend yesterday. A goodest B better C best 28. The problem was (serious) we expected. A seriouser than B more serious than C so serious 29. Money … not everything. A is B be C are 30. Last Sunday we went fishing, but we didn’t catch a lot of … A fish B fishes C fishs 31. Mother … me to go shopping. A said B told C talked 32. He explained them … he was speaking about. A what B than C that 33. I like to watch the planes … A take off B to take off C to be taking off 34. This isn’t my text-book, … is at home. A my B mine C me 35. John asked if … A I had been there before B I was there before C had I been there before 36. Tom said, “Jerry has been my best friend since our early childhood.” A tom told Jerry that he had been his best friend since their early childhood. B Tom said that Jerry has been my best friend since our early childhood. C Tom said that jerry had been his best friend since their early childhood. 37. “Where is the nearest bus stop?” the old man addressed a policeman. A The old man asked where was the nearest bus stop. B the old man asked a policeman where the nearest bus stop was. C The old man told a policeman where the nearest bus stop was. 38. doing – men – what – those – are? A What are those man doing? B what are you doing those man? C What those man are doing? 39. the news – yesterday – saw – television - I – on A I yesterday saw the news on television. B I saw on television the news yesterday. C Yesterday I saw the news on television. 40. round – at – table – wooden – they – a – large – sat A They sat at a large wooden round table. B They sat at a round large wooden table. C They sat at a large round wooden table. 41. We didn’t want his speech to be interrupted. A Мы не хотели прерывать его речь. B Мы не хотели, чтобы он прерывал нас своей речью. C Он не хотел прерывать нас своей речью. 42. He is likely to come on Sunday. A Он любит приходить в воскресенью. B Он обычно приходит в воскресенье. C Вероятно, он придет в воскресенье. 43. He used to be good at mathematics. A Он хорошо знает математику. B Когда-то он хорошо знал математику. C Он хорошо использовал знание математики. 44. She had a good practical knowledge of French having worked as an interpreter for many years in France. A Она хорошо преподавала французский после того, как много лет проработала переводчиком во Франции. B Она много лет учила французский для того, чтобы работать переводчиком во Франции. C Она приобрела хорошие практические знания французского, когда много лет работала переводчиком во Франции. 45. Something must have happened. He had to come at seven. A Должно быть что-то произошло. Он должен был прийти в семь. B Что-то должно произойти. Он пришел в семь. C Нужно его обрадовать. Он придет в семь. 46. I will come to your place with pleasure unless nothing prevents me. A Я приду к вам с удовольствием, если ничто не помешает. B Я приду к вам с удовольствием, и ничто мне не помешает. C Я бы пришел к вам с удовольствием, но у меня есть дела. 47. He is twice as old as she is. A Она в два раза старше его. B Он в два раза старше ее. C Он несомненно такого же возраста как и она. 48. No sooner had he arrived home than he fell ill. A Он еще не вскоре приедет потому, что заболел. B Он уже приехал, но сейчас он болеет. C Не успел он приехать домой, как заболел. 49. I wonder if he has seen this movie before. A Здорово, что он посмотрел этот фильм. B Интересно, он смотрел когда-нибудь этот фильм. C Я удивился, что он посмотрел этот фильм. 50. John is said to have written a new book. A Говорят, что Джон написал новую книгу. B Джон сказал, что написал новую книгу. C Джона попросили написать новую книгу.

Part 1. Choose the correct item. 1. ... old furniture in the house. a) Tere is b) There are c) It is 2. I usually visit my friends three

times ... month.

a) a b) the c) -

3. ... answer the question.

a) He is b) He must c) He'd like

4. There is nothing funny in the text, ...?

a) is it b) is there c) ins't there

5. Read the text on ... page ten.

a) a b) the c) -

6. You must learn ... poem.

a) two b) second c) the second

7. - Who took the money?

- I don't know. I didn't see ... .

a) it b) them c) they

8. Nobody ... this food.

a) eat b) eats c)doesn't eat

9. What ... in the bottle?

a) there is b) is it c) is there

10. I didn't see ... interesting.

a) something b) anything c) nothing

Part 2. Correct the mistakes.

1. Who did close the window?

2. They have bought this book three months ago.

3. The money is on the table, you can take them.

4. Have you translate the text?

5. When have you written the dictation?

6. What have you done yesterday?

7. Million of people collect stamps.

8. There will a museum in this street next year.

9. Have you invited much people to the Nwe Year party?

10. I am sure the film will interesting.

When Honduras exports bananas toSwitzerland, they can use the money they earn to importSwiss chocolate — or to pay for Kuwaiti oil or a vacation in H

awaii. The basic idea ofinternational trade and investment is simple: each country produces goods or services that can beeither consumed at home or exported to other countries.The main difference between domestic trade and international trade is the use of foreigncurrencies to pay for the goods and services crossing international borders. Although global tradeis often added up in U.S. dollars, the trading itself involves various currencies. Japanesevideocassette recorder is paid for in German marks in Berlin, and German cars are paid for inU.S. dollars in Boston. Indian tea, Brazilian coffee, and American films are sold around theworld in currencies as diverse as Turkish liras and Mexican pesos.Whenever a country imports or exports goods and services, there is a resulting flow of funds:money returns to the exporting nation, and money flows out of the importing nation. Trade andinvestment is a two-way street that, with a minimum of trade barriers, usually makes everyonebetter off.In a interlinked global economy, consumers are given the opportunity to buy the best products atthe best prices. By opening up markets, a government allows its citizens to produce and exportthose things they are best at and to import the rest, choosing from whatever the world has tooffer.Some trade barriers will always exist as long as any two countries have different sets of laws.However, when a country decides to protect its economy by erecting artificial trade barriers, theresult is often damaging to everyone, including those people whose barriers were meant toprotect.The Great Depression of the 1930s, for example, spread around the world when the United Statesdecided to erect trade barriers to protect local producers. As other countries retaliated, trade

I . Выберите слово, близкое по значению данному.

Example:

1. tall a) high, b) low, c) wide,

1a. tall – high

1) type; a) level, b) kind, c) course;

2) education; a) admission, b) science, c) training;

3) undergraduate ;a) student, b) majority, c) postgraduate;

4) applied; a) available, b) provided, c) practical;

5) previous; a) main, b) higher, c) early;

6) vocational; a) general, b) professional, c) academic;

7) to apply; a) to ask, b) to enter, c) to include;

8) to require; a) to offer, b) to undertake, c) to need;

9) to finance; a) to shorten, b) to subsidize, c) to classify;

10) to complete. a) to finish, b) to award, c) to pay.

II . Выберите слово, противоположное по значению данному.

Example:

1. light a) easy, b) late, c) dark,

1c. light – dark

1) early; a) late, b) normally, c) dentistry;

2) before; a) still, b) over, c) after;

3) typical; a) theoretical, b) usual, c) social;

4) state (adj.); a) living, b) private, c) sphere;

5) similar; a) prior, b) same, c) different;

6) ancient; a) modern, b) on-line, c) inclined;

7) practice. a) length, b) century, c) theory.

III. В каждом ряду найдите слово, выпадающее из данной тематической группы.

Example:

1. a) spring, b) summer, c) dinner, d) winter

1c. dinner

1. a) college, b) teaching, c) school, d) university;

2. a) Doctor, b) Master, c) Cambridge, d) Bachelor;

3. a) grant, b) government, c) loan, d) subsidy;

4. a) to provide, b) to found, c) to create, d) to charter.

IV. Выберите английское словосочетание, соответствующее русскому варианту.

Example:

1. идти домой а ) to go home, b) to go to school

1a. идти домой – to go home

1) аспирант ;

2) присвоить степень ;

3) плата за обучение ;

4) происходить ;

5) профессиональное высшее образование .

a) undergraduate student;

b) postgraduate student ;

a) to take a degree;

b) to award a degree;

a) tuition fees;

b) teaching fees;

a) to take part;

b) to take place;

a) vocational higher education;

b) general higher education.

V. Из данных слов выберите то, которое закончит предложение.

Example:

1. When a child is seven, he goes to … .

1. When a child is seven, he goes to school.

a degree;

an undergraduate;

applications;

a loan;

a grant;

research.

tuition;

1. I made five … for jobs but didn’t get one.

2. Thanks to past scientific … , it is now possible to send people to the moon.

3. That money is … , not a gift. Return it.

4. A university student working for a bachelor’s degree is called … .

5. Instruction, especially that received in a small group or individually is called … .

6. An academic title; rank or grade given by a university to a person who has passed examinations is … .

7. A sum of money provided by a government, local authority, or public fund to finance educational study, building repairs, etc is … .

Грамматика

VI . По выделенному суффиксу определите часть речи.

Example :

1. constitution a ) прилагательное, б) существительное

1б. constitution – существительное

1) previous ; a ) существительное; б) прилагательное;

2) subsidize ; a ) глагол; б) прилагательное;

3) mainly ; a ) прилагательное, б) наречие;

4) distance ; a ) существительное; б) прилагательное;

5) application . a ) глагол, б) существительное.

VII . По выделенным словообразовательным суффиксам определите, какое из английских слов соответствует предъявленному русскому слову.

Example:

1. teacher a) учитель , б ) учить

1 а . teacher – учитель

1) ancient ; a ) древний, б) древность;

2) category ; a ) категорический, б) категория;

3) available ; a ) доступный, б) доступность;

4) government ; a ) правительственный, б) правительство;

5) general. a) общий , б ) обобщать .



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