The Earth is one? перевод и ответ?

2)

largely transparent to incoming short-wave solar radiation, which is absorbed by the earth's surface. Much of this radiation is then remitted but it is reflected back by gases such as carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, halocarbons, and ozone in the atmosphere. This heating effect is at the root of the theories concerning global warming.
The amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has been increasing by 0.4 per cent a year because of the use of fossil fuels such as oil, gas, and coal. The cutting of tropical forest has also been a contributing factor in the carbon cycle. Other gases that contribute to the greenhouse effect, such as methane and chlorofluorocarbons, are increasing even faster. The net effect of these increases could be a worldwide rise in temperature, estimated at two to six degress. over the next one hundred years, Warming of this magnitude would after climates throughout the world, affect crop production, and cause sea levels to rise significantly. If this happened, millions of people would be adversely affected by major flooding.

ones?

2 How many bones are there in the skeleton of an adult person?

3 what parts does the skull consist of?

4 what parts does spine consist of?

5 what parts does the chest consist of?

6 what bones do uppex and low extremities consist of ?

7 Do all bones consist of organic and inorganic substances?

THE SKELETON.

The skeleton is composed of bones. In the adult the skeleton has over 200 bones.

The bones of the skull consist of cranial and facial parts. There are 26 bones in the skull.

The bones of the trunk are the spinal column or the spine and the chest (ribs and breastbone). The spine consists of the cervical, thoracic, lumbar and sacral vertebrae and the coccyx.

The vertebra is the small bone, which is formed by the body and the arch. All the vertebrae compose the spinal column or the spine. There are 32 or 34 vertebrae in the spine of the adult. There are seven cervical vertebrae, twelve thoracic vertebrae, five lumbar, five sacral vertebrae and from one to five vertebrae which form the coccyx in the spinal column. The cervical part of the spine is formed by seven cervical vertebrae. Twelve thoracic vertebrae have large bodies. The lumbar vertebrae are the largest vertebrae in the spinal column. they have oval bodies.

The chest (thorax) is composed of 12 thoracic vertebrae, the breastbone and 12 pairs of ribs. The breastbone is the long bone in the middle of the chest. It is composed of three main parts. The basic part of the chest is formed by the ribs. On each side of the chest seven ribs are connected with the breastbone by cartilages. The cartilages of three other ribs are connected with each other and with the seventh rib. But the cartilages of these ribs are not connected with the breastbone. The eleventh and the twelfth ribs are not connected with the breastbone either. They are not connected with other ribs, they are free. Each rib is composed of a head, neck and body.

The lower extremity consists of the thigh, leg and foot. It is connected with the trunk by the pelvis. The upper extremity is formed by the arm, forearm and hand. It is connected with the trunk by the shoulder girdle.

The bones of the skeleton are connected together by the joints or by the cartilages and ligaments. The bones consist of organic and inorganic substance.

the most difficult. For the lawyer it is a question whioh present special problems for a variety of reasons. The punishment of a criminal is a combined operation of Parliameny, the courts, and the administration. The range of penalties whioh may be imposed is in most cases set by the legistature, which fixes the maximum sentences for different offences. For the majority of offences only the maximum penalty is prescribed by law, so that the court is left free to select in each case the appropriate sentence.

if the accused has never before been convicted of crime, the sentence is not likely to be severe, unless the crime is one of violence. first offenders are usually treated with sympathy. if, on the other hand, the accuused man has a long record of convictions, the judge will pass a more severe sentence.

after the court has selected what sentected seems suitable, the carrying out of this sentence falls to the lot of those who administer the penal system.

one result of this is that once sentence has been passed, the courts are no longer concerned with the offenders fate:their task is concluded

lying sands washed away by passing water. What is more, the church suffered from landslides in the 19th century, with half of its walls falling into the River Nieman. Half of the church building in Grodno has survived, while the other is lost. Much work lies ahead. Everything that remains of the ancient church will be carefully restored, with help from Polish and Russian specialists.
составте пожалуйста по этому тексту 5 типов вопросов,на английском,заранее спсибо.