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building may clearly be classified as a skyscraper. However, as per usual practice in most cities, the definition is used empirically, depending on the relative impact of the shape of a building to a city's overall skyline. Thus, depending on the average height of the rest of the buildings and/ or structures in a city, even a building of 80 meters height (approximately 262 ft) may be considered a skyscraper provided that it clearly stands out above its surrounding built environment and significantly changes the overall skyline of that particular city. The word skyscraper originally referred to a nautical term tall mast or its main sail on a sailing ship. The term was first applied to buildings in the late 19th century as a result of public amazement at the tall buildings being built in Chicago and New York City. The structural definition of the word skyscraper was refined later by architectural historians, based on engineering developments of the 1880s that had enabled construction of tall multi-story buildings. This definition was based on the steel skeleton—as opposed to constructions of load-bearing masonry, which passed their practical limit in 1891 with Chicago's Monadnock Building. Philadelphia's City Hall, completed in 1901, still holds claim as the world's tallest load-bearing masonry structure at 167 m (548 ft). The steel frame developed in stages of increasing self-sufficiency, with several buildings in Chicago and New York advancing the technology that allowed the steel frame to carry a building on its own. Today, however, many of the tallest skyscrapers are built almost entirely with reinforced concrete. Pumps and storage tanks maintain water pressure at the top of skyscrapers. A loose convention in the United States now draws the lower limit of a "skyscraper" at 150 meters (500 ft). A skyscraper taller than 300 meters (984 ft) may be referred to as supertall. In the United States, the supertall convention is 100 stories, which is equal to 1,000 feet. Shorter buildings are still sometimes referred to as skyscrapers if they appear to dominate their surroundings. The somewhat arbitrary term skyscraper should not be confused with the slightly less arbitrary term highrise, defined by the Emporis Standards Committee as "A high-rise building is a multi-story structure with at least 12 floors or 35 meters (115 feet) in height."[1] All skyscrapers are highrises, but only the tallest highrises are skyscrapers. Habitability separates skyscrapers from towers and masts. Some structural engineers define a highrise as any vertical construction for which wind is a more significant load factor than weight. Note that this criterion fits not only highrises but some other tall structures, such as towers. The word skyscraper often carries a connotation of pride and achievement. The skyscraper, in name and social function, is a modern expression of the age-old symbol of the world center or axis mundi: a pillar that connects earth to heaven and the four compass directions to one another.[2] 1. A skyscraper is :1) an extremely high building. 2)a building of medium height. 3) a small building 2. The connotation of the word SKYSCRAPER is: 1)positive. 2)negative.3) neutral. 3. We can call a skyscraper supertall if it is: 1) 100 metres. 2)200 metres. 3)300 metres. 4. The term SKYSCRAPER came into use wirh buildings:1)in the beginning of the twentieth century. 2) in the end of the nineteenth century. 3)un the middle of the twentieth century. 5. The terms HIGHRISE and SKYSCRAPER mean: 1)the same. 2) have some difference in meaning. 3) are very close in meaning. 6. A skyscraper can't be lower then 1) 50 metres. 2)100. 3)150

1.What .... finny advice.
a) a b) the c) -
2. Look at .... stars! They are beautiful aren"t they ?
a) this b) these c) those
3. He asked ... same question.
a) a b) the c) -
4. We .... a key when we were washing the floor.
a) find b) found c) were finding
5. If you go there tomorrow you ... meet him.
a) will be able to b) could c) had to
6. She always listens tp the radio. She is not used to ... TV
a) watch b) watches c) watching
7. He"s just spoken to the manager, ....?
a) hasn"t he b) has he c) isn"t he
8. They ... a party.Now they are cleaning the room.
a) have b) had c) have had
9.They have been waiting for her... 10 o"clock
a) since b) for c) at
10. Mr Smith is writing a book. He ... it since Christmas.
a) is writing b) has been writing c) has written
Part 2 Correct the mistakes.
1. It is something I want to tell you.
2. I wrote a letter to Alice"s and Susan"s grandfather.
3. What is this policemen doing now?
4. What was she do when the telephone rang?
5. I wish I'll have a dog.
6. If he"ll ask me about it, I'll tell him everything.
7. She didn't write the test because she already wrote it.
8. My grandfather works in this hospital for nine years.
9. I have been visiting that museum five times.
10. She has lived in Omsk foor 2005

,doesn't play ,is playing) basketball. 2. Did you
have (a ,the , -)good summer 3.(where ,when) were you (a ,the, -)last summer? I was (in ,on ,at) the seaside. 4. I like (it ,when, it when) the sun shines. 5. Nobody (like ,likes ,doesn't like) (it ,when ,it when) the wind blows. 6. Tom went (quick ,quickly) out of the classroom 7. Did it (happen ,happened) (with ,to )her when she was in the street? 8.when (did ,was ,does) it rain? Yesterday. 9.(Is ,Does, Did) it raining now? 10. (Is ,Does, Did) it sometimes rain in December? Номер 2.Correct the mistakes. Do not change the underlined words. 1.Did you have the good summer? Yes, I did. 2. He doesn't like when the wind blows 3. Crocodiles have big tooth, don't they 4. They are usually we fur coats in winter. 5. She is wear a beautiful red dress now. 6. She usually wear a fur hat in winter. 7. When it is hot people wear the shorts and the T-shirts. 8. She isn't work in a hospital, she is a pilot. 9. It isn't rain, let's play volleyball. 10. Did it rained yesterday? Номер 3.which is right? Complete the sentences. 1. David (came ,was coming) in when the children (wrote ,were writing) a test 2. Mike (telephoned ,was telephoning) me when I (took ,was taking) a shower. 3. Mike (spoke ,was speaking) to me when his little sister (took ,was taking) his book out of his schoolbag. 4. We (met ,were meeting) them when we (stood ,were standing) at the bus stop. 5. Yesterday she (came ,was coming) home late. She (had ,was having) lunch, (helped ,was helping her mother about the house and then she (went ,was going) to the park. 6. He (slept, was sleeping) when his mother (came ,was coming) back. 7.On Monday while he (cooked ,was cooking)lunch the postman (brought ,was bringing) him a letter from his friend. 8. When the teacher (came ,was coming )into the classroom, the children (sat ,were sitting) at their desks. 9. One day while she (read ,was reading) a book, a big black fly (sat, was sitting) down on her book. 10. We (read,were reading) a text, then we (answered, were answering) the teacher's questions. After that we (did ,were doing) grammar exercises.

1)Elephants aren't as much tall as giraffes
2)Jennys' pet is cat
3)Tarantulas are biggest than spiders
4)Both of dolphins and sharks live in the sea
5)I've found a snake in the garden yesterday
6)Crocodiles are very strong enough to kill people

1When was invented the radio.
2The book was wrote Pushkin.
3A lot of people will invited to the party.
4Where the key was found.
5 Last year a very iportan lettety will be lost in the post office
6All his pens were borrow.
7 This car will be not stolen. It protected